Journal: Translational Pediatrics

Article Title: Obesity-related palmitic acid exacerbates IL-13-induced mucus phenotype in 16HBE airway epithelial cells via AMPK suppression

doi: 10.21037/tp-2026-0547

Figure Lengend Snippet: AICAR partially rescues mucus overproduction, inflammation, and barrier disruption induced by combined IL-13 and PA stimulation. (A,B) RT-qPCR analysis of MUC5AC and CLCA1 mRNA expression in five treatment groups. (C) IL-8 secretion measured by ELISA. (D) Representative immunofluorescence images of ZO-1 (green) and DAPI (blue) staining with merged overlay (scale bar: 50 µm). (E) Quantification of the ZO-1 continuity index. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent biological replicates (n=3). *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001 vs. Vehicle; ## , P<0.01; ### , P<0.001 vs. IL-13; &&& , P<0.001 vs. IL-13 + PA (one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test). AICAR, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide; ANOVA, analysis of variance; CLCA1, calcium-activated chloride channel regulator 1; DAPI, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IL, interleukin; mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid; PA, palmitic acid; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction; SD, standard deviation; ZO-1, zonula occludens-1.

Article Snippet: Coverslips were incubated with primary antibodies against MUC5AC (20725-1-AP, Proteintech, China) or zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) (HA722851, Abclonal, Wuhan, China) overnight at 4 °C, followed by fluorescence-conjugated secondary antibodies (HA1121, Huabio, Hangzhou, China).

Techniques: Disruption, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Standard Deviation

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Inhalable PD-L1-engineered hybrid cellular vesicles suppress excessive neutrophil activation and restore mitochondrial homeostasis to alleviate ischemia–reperfusion lung injury and pneumonia

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.03.024

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nebulized Res-PD-L1@nmEVs Target and Attenuate Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (A) Experimental timeline: rats undergoing lung IRI received nebulized treatments (Res, nEVs, PD-L1@mEVs, PD-L1@nmEVs, or Res-PD-L1@nmEVs) before ischemia and after reperfusion, with sample collection 2 h post-reperfusion. (B) Ex vivo organ fluorescence imaging 24 h after intravenous or bronchial nebulization of DiR-labeled Res-PD-L1@nmEVs. (C) In vivo lung distribution of nebulized DiL-labeled PD-L1@mEVs and PD-L1@nmEVs evaluated using a small animal dynamic imaging system. Blue: CD31 (vascular marker), Red: DiL. (D-E) Quantitative fluorescence intensity in ex vivo organs (heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys) at 0–24 h after bronchial nebulization of DiR-labeled Res-PD-L1@nmEVs in Sham and IRI groups. (F-G) Representative H&E-stained lung sections (F) and corresponding lung injury scores (G). (H) Lung wet/dry weight ratio. (I-K) Levels of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue. (L-N) Pulmonary oxidative stress markers: T-SOD2 activity (L), GSH/GSSG ratio (M), and MDA content (N). (O) Representative fluorescence images of ROS in lung tissue. Scale bar: 50 μm. (P-R) Immunofluorescence staining and co-localization of tight junction proteins Occludin-1 (green) and ZO-1 (red) in lung tissues (DAPI: blue). Scale bar: 50 μm. Quantitative analysis of ZO-1 (Q) and Occludin-1 (R) fluorescence intensity. ∗ vs. Sham; # vs. IRI; & vs. IRI + PD-L1@nmEVs, p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used included: ZO-1 ( GB111402 , Servicebio), Occludin (111401, Servicebio), PINK1 ( GB114934 , Servicebio), TOMM20 ( GB151481 , Servicebio), LC3B ( GB153801 , Servicebio), Beclin-1 ( GB115741 , Servicebio), CD206 ( GB113497 , Servicebio), PD-1 ( GB153744 , Servicebio), MPO ( GB150006 , Servicebio), and CD11b (GB15058, Servicebio).

Techniques: Ex Vivo, Fluorescence, Imaging, Labeling, In Vivo, Marker, Staining, Activity Assay, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Inhalable PD-L1-engineered hybrid cellular vesicles suppress excessive neutrophil activation and restore mitochondrial homeostasis to alleviate ischemia–reperfusion lung injury and pneumonia

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.03.024

Figure Lengend Snippet: Res-PD-L1@nmEVs Effectively Attenuates MRSA-Induced Pneumonia (A-B) Rats with MRSA-induced pneumonia received three bronchial nebulization treatments over one week with different formulations (Res, nEVs, PD-L1@mEVs, PD-L1@nmEVs, or Res-PD-L1@nmEVs). (A) Representative H&E-stained lung sections and (B) corresponding lung injury scores are shown (n = 5). (C) TUNEL staining of lung tissues to assess apoptosis. (D) Representative micro-CT images of anesthetized rats. (E-G) Flow cytometric analysis of immune cell proportions in lung single-cell suspensions: CD8 + T cells (E), neutrophils (F), and classical monocytes (G). (H-J) Plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (H), IL-1β (I), and TNF-α (J) (n = 5). (K) Immunofluorescence staining of tight junction proteins Occludin (green) and ZO-1 (red) in lung tissues (nuclei stained with DAPI). Scale bar: 50 μm. (L-N) Pulmonary function parameters: lung compliance (L), airway resistance (M), and oxygenation index (N) (n = 4). ∗ vs. Sham; # vs. MRSA; & vs. MRSA + PD-L1@nmEVs, p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used included: ZO-1 ( GB111402 , Servicebio), Occludin (111401, Servicebio), PINK1 ( GB114934 , Servicebio), TOMM20 ( GB151481 , Servicebio), LC3B ( GB153801 , Servicebio), Beclin-1 ( GB115741 , Servicebio), CD206 ( GB113497 , Servicebio), PD-1 ( GB153744 , Servicebio), MPO ( GB150006 , Servicebio), and CD11b (GB15058, Servicebio).

Techniques: Staining, TUNEL Assay, Micro-CT, Single Cell, Clinical Proteomics, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A safe and anti-inflammatory plant-derived nanovesicle platform for targeted delivery in acute lung injury

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.03.033

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytoprotective Capacity of GRb1@LEVs-cRGD in inflammation. (a-b) Cell viability of MLE-12 (a) and HUVEC cells (b) under different treatment conditions (n = 5). (c-d) Caspase 3 activity of MLE-12 (c) and HUVEC (d) cells under different treatment conditions (n = 5). (e-g) Flow cytometry analysis using Annexin V/PI staining (e) and corresponding quantitative comparison of MLE-12 cells (f) and HUVEC cells (g) exposed to different treatments ( n = 3). (h-i) Fluorescence images of JC-1-stained MLE-12 cells after different treatments ( n = 5). (j) The expression pattern of ZO-1 protein by immunofluorescent staining in HUVECs (n = 5). (k-l) Fluorescence images (k) of TUNEL staining RAW 264.7 cells after different treatments ( n = 5) and corresponding quantification (l) (n = 5).

Article Snippet: Mouse precoated ELISA kits for TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β were purchased from Beijing Dakewe Biotechnology Co., Ltd (China).NF-kB p65/RelA Rabbit mAb (A22331) and ZO-1 Rabbit mAb (A25306) were purchased from ABclonal Technology Co., Ltd (China).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Comparison, Fluorescence, Expressing, TUNEL Assay

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A safe and anti-inflammatory plant-derived nanovesicle platform for targeted delivery in acute lung injury

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.03.033

Figure Lengend Snippet: GRb1@LEVs-cRGD alleviated LPS-induced lung injury and inflammatory responses in the lung. (a) Schematic illustration of animal experimental design. (b-d) lung wet/dry ratio (b), levels of protein (c), total cell number (d) in BALF in LPS induced ALI mice treated with PBS, LEVs, GRb1, GRb1@LEVs, GRb1@LEVs-cRGD (n = 5). (e-h) Level of IL-6 and TNF-α in BALF (e) and serum (h) of mice after different treatments (n = 5). (i-j) Representative H&E images of lungs after different treatments (i) and the corresponding analysis of lung injury score (j) (n = 5). (k) Lung tissue analysis TUNEL staining in each group (n = 5). (l-n) The distribution of tight junction proteins, ZO-1 and VE-Cadherin, by immunofluorescent staining in lung tissues and corresponding quantification.

Article Snippet: Mouse precoated ELISA kits for TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β were purchased from Beijing Dakewe Biotechnology Co., Ltd (China).NF-kB p65/RelA Rabbit mAb (A22331) and ZO-1 Rabbit mAb (A25306) were purchased from ABclonal Technology Co., Ltd (China).

Techniques: TUNEL Assay, Staining

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Oral Sodium Hyaluronate Reshapes Gut Microbiota Composition and Suppresses the LPS-TLR4/NF-κB Pathway to Exert Neuroprotection in MPTP-Induced Parkinson’s Disease

doi: 10.3390/ijms27156573

Figure Lengend Snippet: Oral SH restored the BBB and intestinal barrier impairment in the MPTP-induced PD mouse models. ( A ) Representative captures of immunofluorescence in the colon of ZO-1. ( B ) Representative WB bands of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 in the colon. ( C ) Representative WB bands of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5 in the midbrain containing the SN. ( D ) ZO-1 integrity score in the colon. ( E ) The density analysis of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 WB in the colon. ( F ) The density analysis of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5 WBs in the midbrain containing the SN. (In this figure, n = 3 for each group. Data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 versus the control group; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 versus the MPTP group.).

Article Snippet: Membranes were incubated at 4 °C overnight with the following primary antibodies: rabbit anti-β-actin antibody (1:50,000, AC026, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), mouse anti-TH antibody (1:1000, A0028, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), rabbit anti-TNF-α antibody (1:1000, A20851, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), rabbit anti-IL-1β antibody (1:1000, A11369, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), rabbit anti-IL-6 antibody (1:1000, A0286, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), goat anti-COX-2 antibody (1:1000, A1253, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), mouse anti-TLR4 antibody (1:1000, A5258, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), rabbit anti-MyD88 antibody (1:400, A0980, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), rabbit anti-IκB-α antibody (1:1000, A24742, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), rabbit anti-ZO-1 antibody (1:1000, A0659, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), mouse anti-claudin-1 antibody (1:1000, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), rabbit anti-occludin antibody (1:1000, Abclonal, China), and mouse anti-claudin-5 antibody (1:1000, A10207 , Abclonal, Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Control